What do we call an error that occurs during runtime or compile time due to incorrect syntax or commands?

The term used to describe an error that occurs during runtime or compile time due to incorrect syntax or commands is "exception." Exceptions are specific types of errors that are thrown when a program encounters an unexpected condition that it cannot handle. These can arise from various issues, including invalid input, resource unavailability, or reflecting a programming mistake, such as syntax errors.

In contrast, a bug is a broader term for any flaw or unintended behavior in the code that results in incorrect results or crashing, not strictly related to syntax. A failure refers to the situation when a system does not perform its required functions as intended, typically as a result of a bug or exception. A fault generally indicates an underlying defect in the software that can give rise to failures or exceptions but does not directly refer to the manifestation of those errors during execution.

Understanding these distinctions helps clarify why "exception" is the precise answer when dealing with specific errors triggered by incorrect statements in programming.