What is a remote server that stores data which can be retrieved online?

A remote server that stores data which can be retrieved online is best described as a database. A database is designed to organize, store, and manage large amounts of data effectively, allowing users to access and manipulate that data as needed over the internet. This enables various applications and services to retrieve and utilize the stored information seamlessly, making databases essential components of web applications and online services.

While web servers do function by serving content over the internet, they primarily host websites and deliver web pages to users. A web server may interact with a database to fetch data for these pages, but its primary role is not data storage but rather the hosting of web content. Cache refers to a temporary storage area that speeds up the retrieval of frequently accessed data, while a clock is a completely unrelated concept in the context of data storage or retrieval. Thus, the concept of a database aligns perfectly with the definition provided in the question.