What is commonly referred to as spam in the digital context?

Spam is commonly understood in the digital context as unwanted email or messages that are typically sent in bulk. These unsolicited communications often aim to promote products, services, or even scams, and they clutter inboxes, making it difficult for users to find legitimate communications. The prevalence of spam has led to the development of various filtering technologies to help manage and reduce unwanted messages in email services.

The other choices do not accurately reflect the definition of spam. For instance, a type of file storage refers to methods of saving data, while a software update notification pertains to alerts about new versions of software rather than unsolicited messages. A file sharing program is a tool used to exchange files over the internet, which does not correlate with the concept of spam either. Hence, the second option effectively captures the essence of what spam entails in the digital realm.