What is the full form of ROM in computing?

The full form of ROM in computing is Read Only Memory. This type of memory is a crucial component in computer systems used primarily for storing firmware or software that is not meant to be modified frequently. Unlike RAM (Random Access Memory), which is volatile and loses its data when power is turned off, ROM retains its contents even when the device is powered down.

The primary role of Read Only Memory is to store the instructions needed for the computer to boot up and perform initial hardware checks. This is essential for the proper functioning of the system, as it ensures that the basic operating instructions are readily available and secure. Since the data in ROM is programmed during the manufacturing process, it is typically resistant to modifications, making it particularly useful for permanent storage of critical system software.

While the other options suggest different types of memory or storage methods, they do not reflect established terms used in computing. Recognizing the specific function of ROM helps in understanding the architecture of computers and the difference between various memory types, underscoring its importance in both hardware design and software operation.