What term is used for a computer program that gives instructions to a computer?

The term used for a computer program that gives instructions to a computer is "Application." An application, often referred to as software application, is specifically designed to help users perform tasks or access certain functionalities on a computer or device. Applications can range from productivity tools like word processors and spreadsheets to games and web browsers, all providing varying capabilities to the user by executing a series of coded instructions.

In contrast, an algorithm refers to a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem or performing a task, but it is not synonymous with a program. An API (Application Programming Interface) is a set of rules and protocols for building and interacting with software applications, enabling different software systems to communicate. An array is a data structure used to store a collection of items, usually of the same type, and is a concept used within programming but does not refer to a program itself. Thus, the distinction is clear, and "Application" accurately describes a software that runs on a computer and executes instructions.