Which layer of the data transfer protocol does HTTPS utilize for security?

HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure) employs the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and its successor, Transport Layer Security (TLS), to ensure secure data transfer over the internet. This layer is essential for encrypting the data exchanged between a web browser and a server, thereby protecting sensitive information such as login credentials, personal information, and payment details from interception and unauthorized access.

By utilizing SSL/TLS, HTTPS provides authentication, confidentiality, and data integrity. Authentication ensures that the parties involved are who they claim to be, confidentiality protects the data being transmitted through encryption, and data integrity guarantees that the information sent and received has not been altered during transit. This three-pronged approach is crucial for maintaining security in communications over untrusted networks like the internet.

In contrast, the other protocols mentioned do not specifically focus on security within the same framework as HTTPS. The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is responsible for reliable data transmission but does not provide encryption on its own. The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is used to transfer files but lacks built-in security features. The Internet Protocol (IP) is foundational for routing packets of data across networks but does not address data security directly. Thus, the emphasis on SSL/TLS in the context of HTTPS underscores its pivotal